VERB ROOTS
Recall that the default stress rule for verbs specifies the first stressable vowel immediately following the root; if there is no vowel, then the root vowel is stressed. Therefore it is important to be able to identify roots in verbs. Here is the structure of most verbs:
(prefix) root (suffix) ending
As shown by the parentheses, verbs may or may not have prefixes or suffixes. Examples from this section of the text (roots here are underlined):
зн а ю
реш и л
вз я ться > the reflexive -ся is never stressed in the infinitive
по дум а л > exceptional root stress
сп а ть
буд у > exceptional root stress
лож и ться
говор и ла
Some roots have multiple forms:
вз я ться – воз м усь > default stress: first stressable vowel after the root
сказ а ть – скаж у
по ня ть – по йм у
до й ти – до йд у – до шё л – до ш ла
In each case above stress is normal: it falls on the first stressable vowel after the root. If there is no vowel after the root, then the root itself is stressed.
Some verbs have partial default stress:
сказ а ть скаж у but exceptional скаж е шь
у ход и ть у хож у у ход ишь
смотр е ть смотр ю смотр ишь
The exceptional forms must be learned.
The verb стать has the root стан- when conjugated (стану, станешь...) but ста- in the past tense and infinitive: стать, стал, стала.